EXHIBIT 127
Rajasaurus narmadensis
Rajasaurus was a meat-eating abelisaurid from India with a single short horn on its skull roof. [4]
TWO WAYS TO PICTURE THE PAST
Compare the evidence with the familiar movie image. The illustrations are not to a shared scale.
Rajasaurus skull replica, explicitly labeled as such in the source. The original type preserves only part of the cranium; a full skull, jaws and external horn shape are reconstructed. [1]
Skull replica of Rajasaurus narmadensis · Dev Jadiya. CC0 1.0. Resized proportionally and converted to WebP; no anatomical edits. Same source license applies.
Skeletal mounts and drawings may restore missing parts; the caption identifies the displayed material.
Original cinematic interpretation of Rajasaurus narmadensis. Colors, soft tissues, scenery and missing anatomy are reconstructed artistic choices; this is not a directly observed individual or behavior. The short forelimbs and missing body parts are comparative; the horn does not establish a mating display or head-butting event. A low median nasofrontal mound replaces the initially exaggerated pointed horn. Lighting, coloration and scenery are artistic choices. This image does not document a fossil locality or behavior.
Original artwork · artistic interpretation.
Scientific view: source-informed reconstruction, credited paleoart or specimen-based imagery. Movie-style view: Original artistic interpretation. Reconstructions involve uncertainty.
MEET THE ANIMAL
Rajasaurus was a meat-eating dinosaur from Late Cretaceous India, recognized by a single horn on the skull roof. Its purpose remains uncertain. Display and head-butting have been discussed as possibilities, but the horn's existence does not demonstrate either behavior. A reconstruction can show a striking feature without recovering the social reasons for it. [D4]
A size study combined estimates from skull, backbone, and limb measurements to reconstruct the original animal at about 6.6 metres. The variation around that model reflects disagreement among methods, not a measured range of living adults. Its incomplete skeleton and unspecified maturity limit the claim. The result is best read as a reconstruction of particular material rather than a species maximum. [D3]
Older Indian dinosaur names may overlap with Rajasaurus, but a revision retained separate analyses because the material was missing or fragmentary. A possible synonym is not a settled decision that two names identify one animal. Before combining biological claims, researchers need evidence that the fossils belong to the same dinosaur. Keeping uncertain identities separate makes the comparisons more dependable. [D2]
PREHISTORIC ANIMAL DOSSIER
The animal, the evidence, and the questions still open.
A partial skull and robust postcranial skeleton distinguish the type. The complete head, forelimbs and living appearance require comparative reconstruction. [D1]
Profile scope: Genus profile centered on Rajasaurus narmadensis type GSI 21141/1–33. Possible overlap with Indosaurus and Lametasaurus remains unresolved and those genera are reserved. [D2]
Source supported identifies a description documented by the cited source. Inferred marks a reconstruction or functional estimate. Debated marks competing interpretations. Not established means the sources reviewed for this dossier do not support a firm conclusion; it does not mean a behavior never occurred.
A size reference is an estimate, not a population range. Nesting evidence does not by itself establish courtship, mate choice, or lifelong pairing.
About 6.6 m; holotype allometric model
Grillo and Delcourt combine cranial, vertebral and limb regressions for GSI 21141: 6.57 ±0.37 m model dispersion. This does not establish an adult species range; individual maturity is unspecified. [D3]
Not established here
An eggshell study assumes roughly 800 kg with factor-two uncertainty, citing Benson and personal communication. No transparent specimen-specific calculation or maturity scope was obtained; the length regression does not independently validate weight. [D5]
Animal foods; prey selection unresolved
The museum identifies carnivory and discusses hunting or scavenging as possibilities. Reviewed evidence does not identify a regular prey species, exclusive scavenging or a quantitative bite force. [D4]
Maastrichtian Lameta deposits near Rahioli
The type was recovered at Temple Hill near Rahioli, Gujarat. It occurred among scattered sauropod bones with evidence of sorting or transport; proximity does not prove a feeding event. [D1]
Bipedal comparative reconstruction
Its preserved hindlimb material supports the conventional abelisaurid biped. Very short arms are reconstructed from relatives; no genus-specific running speed or complete forelimb anatomy is established. [D4]
Single median horn and robust skeleton
The skull roof preserves a short nasofrontal horn and elongated upper temporal openings. The type’s robust pelvic and limb material is incomplete; a museum skull replica fills substantial gaps. [D1]
Not established here
An eggshell study tentatively assigns an abelisaurid producer to Rajasaurus through geological association, without an embryo or hatchling identifying it. This does not securely establish a genus-specific nest or parental-care behavior. [D5]
Not established here
Display or head-butting are horn hypotheses. A 2026 abelisaurid comparison favors sexual-selection explanations at group level; it does not establish Rajasaurus rituals, mate choice or sex-specific horn shapes. [D4] [D6]
Not established here
The type’s associated elements were interpreted as one individual. Reviewed sources do not establish pack hunting, persistent groups or solitary behavior from this partial skeleton. [D1]
Sources and inspection notes for the claims in this profile.
THE STORY IN THE FOSSILS
The horn is well supported; its purpose is less certain. The museum discusses display or head-butting while clearly acknowledging that its function is unknown. [4]
The 2008 revision identified possible overlap with older Indian genera but retained separate analyses pending evidence. Reserving those names prevents the catalog from counting an unresolved overlap twice. [2]
The dossier identifies the scope of each reference estimate. A mount, an individual fossil and a species-wide adult range are different measurements. Comparison metrics remain unavailable where adult scope has not been established. Unknown does not mean zero.
Sources support the stated claims and scopes. Refer to the evidence notes for uncertainty.
KEEP EXPLORING
Carnotaurus
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Majungasaurus crenatissimus
Majungasaurus crenatissimus was an abelisaurid from Madagascar. It combined a robust, ornamented skull with remarkably reduced but anatomically complex forelimbs.
Rugops primus
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