EXHIBIT 95
Qianzhousaurus sinensis
Qianzhousaurus was a long-snouted tyrannosaur from southern China, with skull proportions very different from deep-headed relatives.
TWO WAYS TO PICTURE THE PAST
Compare the evidence with the familiar movie image. The illustrations are not to a shared scale.
Life reconstruction of Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeekSquared, based on a skeletal reconstruction by Ashley Patch. Colors and feather coverage are interpretive; neither is directly established by the holotype. [2]
Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeek · PaleoGeekSquared. CC BY-SA 4.0. Commons-listed 1280 px preview converted to WebP; smaller responsive copy proportionally resized. Artwork preserved. These copies remain CC BY-SA 4.0.
Scientific reconstruction is an interpretation; source credit does not certify every anatomical detail.
Original cinematic interpretation of Qianzhousaurus sinensis. Coloration, soft tissues and scenery are artistic choices; reconstructed proportions do not establish a measured individual. Lighting, coloration and scenery are artistic choices. This image does not document a fossil locality or behavior.
Original artwork · artistic interpretation.
Scientific view: source-informed reconstruction, credited paleoart or specimen-based imagery. Movie-style view: Original artistic interpretation. Reconstructions involve uncertainty.
MEET THE ANIMAL
Qianzhousaurus was a meat-eating tyrannosaur from Late Cretaceous Asia. Its long, low skull and narrow teeth gave it a different outline from the deep-headed tyrannosaurs that often dominate popular images. Those jaws identify an unusual predator, but they do not provide a precise prey list or show how it behaved during a hunt. [D3]
Published body reconstructions for its original individual give an approximate length of 7.5 to 9 metres. That interval concerns an estimated animal assembled from incomplete evidence, not a measured population of adults. A large footprint has also been discussed as a possible match. Possible attribution should remain separate from a footprint securely linked to the animal that made it. [D5]
The original skeleton includes leg bones that support a two-legged reconstruction. Its fossils came from the Nanxiong Formation near Ganzhou in southern China. Nearby discoveries help picture the ancient community, but a shared rock formation does not prove interaction. The identified bones provide a firmer portrait than an imagined hunting scene. [D1]
PREHISTORIC ANIMAL DOSSIER
The animal, the evidence, and the questions still open.
Later cranial work retains Qianzhousaurus separately from Alioramus while considering growth-related similarities.
Profile scope: Species: Q. sinensis. GM F10004 is the holotype; its mass estimate is a fossil-individual calculation, not an adult species range.
Source supported identifies a description documented by the cited source. Inferred marks a reconstruction or functional estimate. Debated marks competing interpretations. Not established means the sources reviewed for this dossier do not support a firm conclusion; it does not mean a behavior never occurred.
A size reference is an estimate, not a population range. Nesting evidence does not by itself establish courtship, mate choice, or lifelong pairing.
About 7.5–9 m (reported holotype reconstruction)
The 2019 track paper reports Lü’s reconstruction of GM F10004. This is an approximate individual-body estimate, not the footprint’s measured length or an adult population interval. [D5]
About 757 kg (holotype estimate)
The 2014 estimate uses femur length and a published regression for GM F10004. Later predicted adult-level maturity does not make this a species range. [D1]
Animal-eater
Research-team sources identify carnivory. Its long narrow jaws do not identify a preserved meal or a particular prey species. [D3]
Jiangxi; Nanxiong Formation
The holotype comes from Nankang, Ganzhou, in Maastrichtian strata of southern China. Formation-wide dinosaur eggs are not assigned to this species. [D1]
Hindlimb-supported walking inferred
Preserved leg anatomy and tyrannosaur comparison support bipedal reconstruction; running speed is not established. [D1]
Long, low tyrannosaur skull
The revised diagnosis retains distinctive cranial features beyond similarities expected from growth in Alioramus. [D2]
Not established here
Focused review found no securely species-assigned nest, egg, incubation or care evidence.
Not established here
Skull ridges and bumps do not establish display behavior, sexual dimorphism or a mating system.
Not established here
The holotype and regional coexistence with other predators do not establish pack hunting or lasting social groups.
Sources and inspection notes for the claims in this profile.
THE STORY IN THE FOSSILS
Qianzhousaurus helped show that a long slender tyrannosaur snout was not confined to very young fossils. A later skull revision retained it as a distinct genus alongside Alioramus. [2]
The same formation later yielded the smaller, deeper-snouted Asiatyrannus. Different skull proportions suggest different feeding niches, but coexistence alone does not show the two predators interacting. [4]
The dossier identifies the scope of each reference estimate. A mount, an individual fossil and a species-wide adult range are different measurements. Comparison metrics remain unavailable where adult scope has not been established. Unknown does not mean zero.
Sources support the stated claims and scopes. Refer to the evidence notes for uncertainty.
KEEP EXPLORING
Alioramus altai
Alioramus had a long low snout; its best-described skeleton was young.
Tarbosaurus bataar
Tarbosaurus bataar was a large Asian tyrannosaur. Its relatively slender skull distinguishes it from its North American relative Tyrannosaurus rex.
Austroraptor cabazai
Austroraptor was a large Patagonian theropod with a long low skull, small teeth and unusually short arms.
